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Physiological Adaptation · Multiple choice · Recognize cues

An older adult with dementia who can't get to water easily has a serum sodium of 154 mEq/L. Which findings does the nurse expect?

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Correct answer: A

Hypernatremia usually results from water loss or inadequate intake and causes thirst, dry mucous membranes, restlessness, and confusion. Correction is gradual.

Source: Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13th ed. (hypernatremia)

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This question is one of 162 Physiological Adaptation items in NCLEXSim. On the NCLEX-RN, this category makes up 11–17% of the exam.

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Study tip
  • Study emergencies as a sequence: what you see, what it means, what you do first (DKA, sepsis, stroke, PE, anaphylaxis, tension pneumothorax).
  • Review fluid and electrolyte imbalances by their ECG and neuromuscular signs (peaked T waves, Chvostek and Trousseau signs).

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